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Early stage gene therapy clinical trials are recruiting patients from the developing world, providing medically deprived populations access to interventions that show promise but have largely unknown effects in humans. The practice may be inconsistent with international ethics guidelines on justice say ethicists.

Individual bone implants whose structure resembles that of the natural bone can now be produced quite easily. First, a simulation program calculates the bone's internal structure and porosity, then a rapid prototyping machine "bakes" the implant from metal powder.

A new study has shown potential to markedly improve tinnitus, commonly known as "ringing in the ears." Results of the initial case were published in The Laryngoscope in which a single patient was tested to examine the safety and feasibility of using maintenance sessions of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to reduce tinnitus loudness and prevent its return over time.

A new study in the journal Psychophysiology reveals that men, but not women, vaccinated in the morning produced a better peak antibody response to both hepatitis A and the influenza strain.

When it comes to the attractiveness of orthodontic braces, less metal is better, according to a recent survey. The study of the public's attitude about the attractiveness of various styles of braces indicates that the types of dental appliances with no visible metal were considered the most attractive. Braces that combine clear ceramic brackets with thin metal or clear wires were a less desirable option, and braces with metal brackets and metal wires were rated as the least aesthetic combination.

Good things may come to those who wait, but research has proven that humans and animals actually prefer an immediate rather than a delayed reward. Now, a study in the journal Neuron reveals how a decision-making region of the brain encodes information associated with the magnitude and delay of rewards.

A key enzyme may explain how hepatitis C infection leads to serious liver diseases. A new shows that fatty acid synthase is highly elevated in human liver cells exposed to the hepatitis C virus, suggesting that testing enzyme levels could help predict more serious, long-lasting health consequences from hepatitis C.

How stressed are we? A sensor vest will soon be able to tell us. From sports training to computer games, the garment registers the electrical excitation of the muscles at any given time and determines the level of physical stress.

A new tool which makes it possible to extract information about an individual's health from genotypes in a fraction of a second, has just been developed.

The gender of donor and recipient plays a larger role in kidney transplants than previously assumed. Female donor kidneys do not function as well in men -- due to their smaller size. Women have a higher risk of rejecting a male donor kidney. Therefore, in the future, gender should be considered more in the allocation of donor kidneys, say researchers.